Geophysical instruments are specialized devices used for exploration and measurement in geophysical studies, including prospecting and data collection. These instruments are critical for determining the physical properties of the Earth’s subsurface. The reliability and accuracy of these instruments have a direct impact on the quality of geophysical research. Therefore, it is essential to repair and modernize geophysical instruments to maintain their functionality and meet modern technological demands.
Timely and effective repair of geophysical instruments is crucial not only for restoring their operational capacity but also for extending their service life and ensuring accurate geophysical data collection. Through modernization and the adoption of new technologies, the capabilities of these instruments can be significantly improved.
Types of Geophysical Instruments
- Radiometric Instruments (gamma logging, spectrometry)
- Electrical Instruments (PS, VEZ, VP)
- Seismic and Acoustic Instruments
- Magnetometric Instruments
- Gravimetric Instruments
- Temperature and Thermal Probes
Instruments by Field of Use:
- Wellbore (probe-based)
- Surface (field)
- Laboratory Instruments
Causes of Instrument Failure
- Natural wear and tear of components (sensors, amplifiers, batteries)
- Exposure to moisture or aggressive environments
- Temperature fluctuations
- Mechanical damage during transportation
- Software errors or microcontroller failures
- Power supply issues (voltage fluctuations)
Stages of Instrument Repair
- Diagnosis:
- Visual inspection (cracks, corrosion, overheating)
- Checking the operational condition of main components
- Use of test signals and analyzers
- Computer diagnostics and software testing
- Fault Analysis:
- Identifying defective parts and components
- Compiling a list of faults
- Analyzing the cost-effectiveness of repairs
- Restoration:
- Replacing sensors, amplifiers, cables
- Re-soldering circuit boards
- Reprogramming microcontrollers
- Replacing casings, buttons, and displays
- Assembly and Calibration:
- Assembling the instrument and eliminating noise
- Adjusting operating modes
- Performing testing and calibration
- Testing and Commissioning:
- Testing the instrument under field-like conditions
- Documenting results and calibration certification
Types of Repairs
- Routine Repair — Minor faults, replacement of cables, sensors, buttons, soldering of contacts
- Medium Repair — Replacing modules, restoring circuits, power supply repairs
- Capital Repair — Complete disassembly, replacement of critical components, software updates
- Preventive Repair — Regular checks and testing, replacement of worn parts
Organizing Repair Works
- Repair work may be conducted in field conditions (at a logging station or drilling site) or in specialized workshops
- Personnel qualifications required: electricians, engineers, metrologists
- Special tools are used: oscilloscopes, signal generators, infrared soldering stations, etc.
- Instruments subject to repair should be accounted for, and repair results should be documented
